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Monday, July 16, 2012

POSTED JULY 16, 2012.



بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

THE MONTH OF RAMADAN
SURA AL BAQARA VERSE 185
EXPLANATION FROM TAFSIR JALALAYN
AND TAFSIR AL QURTUBI


FROM TAFSIR JALALAYN
{ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الذى أُنزِلَ فِيهِ القرآن } من اللوح المحفوظ إلى السماء الدنيا في ليلة القدر ، منه { هُدًى } حال هادياً من الضلالة { لّلنَّاسِ وبينات } آيات واضحات { مِنَ الهدى } مما يهدي إلى الحق من الأحكام { وَ } من { الفرقان } مما يفرق بين الحق والباطل { فَمَن شَهِدَ } حضر { مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ على سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ } تقدّم مثله وكرر لئلا يتوهم نسخه بتعميم ( من شهد ) { يُرِيدُ الله بِكُمُ اليسر وَلاَ يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ العسر } ولذا أباح لكم الفطر في المرض والسفر ولكون ذلك في معنى العلة أيضا للأمر بالصوم عطف عليه { وَلِتُكْمِلُواْ } بالتخفيف والتشديد [ ولتكمِّلوا ] { العدة } أي عدّة صوم رمضان { وَلِتُكَبّرُواْ الله } عند إكمالها { على مَا هداكم } أرشدكم لمعالم دينه { وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ } الله على ذلك .

These days of, the month of Ramadān, wherein the Qur’ān was revealed, from the Preserved Tablet to the earthly heaven on the Night of Ordainment [laylat al-qadr] from Him, a guidance (hudan, ‘a guidance’, is a circumstantial qualifier), guiding away from error, for the people, and as clear proofs, lucid verses, of the Guidance, the rulings that guide to truth, and, of, the Criterion, that discriminates between truth and falsehood; So let those of you, who are present at the month, fast it and if any of you be sick, or if he be on a journey, then a number of other days (this [concession] has already been mentioned, but it is repeated here to avoid the mistaken impression that it has been abrogated by the comprehensive implication of man shahida, ‘who are present’). God desires ease for you, and desires not hardship for you, and for this reason He has permitted you the breaking of the fast during illness or travel, [this ease being] the very reason He has commanded you to fast; He supplements [the previous statement with]: and that you fulfil (read tukmilū or tukammilū) the number, of the fasting days of Ramadān, and magnify God, when you have completed them, for having guided you, for having directed you to the principal rites of His religion, and that you might be thankful, to God for this.


Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza
www.altafsir.com
 ________________________________________________________________________

FROM TAFSIR ALQURTUBI
 تفسير الجامع لاحكام القرآن/ القرطبي (ت 671 هـ) مصنف و مدقق 
قوله تعالى: { شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ } قال أهل التاريخ: أوّل من صام رمضان نوح عليه السلام لما خرج من السفينة، وقد تقدّم قول مجاهد: كتب الله رمضان على كل أمة، ومعلوم أنه كان قبل نوح أمم؛ والله أعلم. والشهر مشتق من الإشهار لأنه مشتهر لا يتعذّر علمه على أحد يريده؛ ومنه يقال: شهرت السيف إذا سللته. ورمضانُ مأخوذ من رَمضَ الصائمُ يَرْمَضُ إذا حَرّ جوفُه من شدّة العطش. والرَّمضاء (ممدودة): شدّة الحر؛ ومنه الحديث:
" صلاة الأوّابين إذا رَمِضت الفِصَال " خرّجه مسلم. ورَمَضُ الفِصَالِ أن تَحرِق الرَّمْضَاءُ أخفافَها فتُبرك من شدّة حرّها. فرمضانُ ـ فيما ذكروا ـ وافق شدّة الحرّ؛ فهو مأخوذ من الرَّمْضَاء. قال الجوهري: وشهر رمضان يُجمع على رَمَضانات وأرمِضاء؛ يقال إنهم لما نقلوا أسماء الشهور عن اللغة القديمة سَمّوْها بالأزمنة التي وقعت فيها، فوافق هذا الشهر أيام رَمَضِ الحرّ فسُمّيَ بذلك. وقيل: إنما سُمِّي رمضان لأنه يرمض الذنوب أي يحرقها بالأعمال الصالحة، من الإرماض وهو الإحراق؛ ومنه رَمِضَت قَدَمُه من الرَّمْضاء أي ٱحترقت. وأرْمَضَتْني الرمضاء أي أحرقتني؛ ومنه قيل: أرْمَضَنِي الأمر. وقيل: لأن القلوب تأخذ فيه من حرارة الموعظة والفكرة في أمر الآخرة كما يأخذ الرمل والحجارة من حرّ الشمس. والرمضاء: الحجارة المُحْمَاة. وقيل: هو من رَمَضْتُ النّصل أَرْمِضُه وأَرْمُضُه رَمْضاً إذا دَقَقْته بين حجرين لَيرِقّ. ومنه نَصْل رميض ومرموض ـ عن ٱبن السِّكِّيت ـ؛ وسُمّي الشهر به لأنهم كانوا يرمضون أسلحتهم في رمضان ليحاربوا بها في شوّال قبل دخول الأشهر الحُرُم.




Allah’s statement: The month of Ramadan. The historians state that the first person to fast in the month of Ramadan was Prophet Noah, peace be upon him, when he came out of his ship. And the statement of Mujahid (a student of Abdullah ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and a famous commentator of the Holy Quran) has been mentioned already that Allah prescribed (the fasting during) the month of Ramadan on every community, and it is well established that there were nations before Prophet Noah, peace be upon him. And Allah knows the best.
The word الشهر is derived from الاشهار (publicity) because it is well known and is knowledge is available to everyone who seeks it. And when the sword is drawn it is called to be شهرت.
The word Ramadan is adopted from رمض. The person who fasts feels the heat in his stomach from the severity of thirst. And الرمضاء (extended) means the severity of heat as is mentioned in the hadith that the prayers of Awwabeen are to be offered when the young camel’s hoofs feel the heat, as reported by Imam Muslim.
From what the scholars have reported the word Ramadan is synonamous with the severity of the heat.
Al Jawhari said that the plurals of Ramadan are رمضانات and ارمضاء.
When the people reported the well-known names (of the months) from their ancient language, they named them according to the times when they happened. The month of Ramadan happened to occur during the hot weather.
It is also mentioned that it was so named because it burns the sins by virtue of doing good deeds.
The word ارماض means burning just like in saying that his feet have been burnt, and it burnt me.
And it is also mentioned that such and such matter has burnt me. The hearts are receptive to the warmth of admonition and concern about the matters of the Hereafter just like the sand and the stones are receptive to the heat of the sun.
The word الرمضاء applies to burning stones.
This word is also used for making the blade or arrow head thin as by crushing it between two stones.
Ibn Sukait mentioned that the month of Ramadan was so names because the people used to sharpen their weapons during the month of Ramadan to get ready for war in the following month of Shawwal before the beginning of the forbidden months (the months during which fighting was prohibited even before the advent of Islam.) 

Tuesday, July 10, 2012

POSTED ON JULY 10, 2012.


____________________________________
الخطبة العربية
ARABIC SERMON 1
خطبة قس بن ساعدة الايادي الشهيرة في سوق عكاظ

 البيان والتبيين - (ج 1 / ص 91)
 ومن خطباء إيادٍ قسُّ بن ساعدة، وهو الذي قال فيه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : رأيته بسوق عُكَاظ على جمل أحْمر وهو يقول: أيهُّا الناس اجتمِعُوا واسمَعو وعُوا،  فإذا وعيتم فانتفعوا، مَن عاش مات، ومَن ماتَ فَات، وكلُّ ما هو آتٍ آت، وهو القائل في هذه: آياتٌ محكمات، مطرٌ ونبات، وآباء وأمّهات، وذاهب وآت، ضوءٌ وظلام، وبِرٌّ وأَثَام، ولباسٌ ومَركَب، ومطعمٌ ومشرب، ونجوم تمور، وبحورٌ لا تغور، وسقفٌ مرفوع، ومِهادٌ موضوع، وليلٌ داجٍ، وسماء ذات أبراج، ما لي أرى النّاسَ يموتون ولا يرجعون، أَرَضُوا فأقاموا، أم حُبِسُوا فناموا، وهو القائل: يا معشَرَ إياد، أينَ ثمودُ وعاد، وأين الآباء والأجداد، أين المعروفُ الذي لم يُشكَر، والظُّلم الذي لم ينكر، أقسَمَ قُسٌّ قسماً باللَّه، إنَّ للَّه لَديناً هو أرضى له من دينكم هذا، وأنشدوا له:
في الذاهبين الأولين من القرون لنا بصائر 
 
لما رأيتُ موارداً للمَوْتِ ليس لها مَصادر
ورأيت قومي نحوها تمضي الأصاغر والأكابر 
لا يرجع الماضي إلي ولا من الباقين غابر 
أيقنت أني لا محالة حيث صار القوم صائر
VOCABULARY:

You benefit
انتفعوا
Pay attention
وعوا
sins
آثام
He who comes
آت
Does not sink
لا تغور
heaves
تمور
Something that is kept
موضوع
Bed, resting place
مهاد
Containing constellations
ذات ابراج
Pitch dark
داج
Centuries, gone by generations
قرون
confined
حُبِسُوا
Resources, pools
موارد
Signs, portents
بصائر
Passes by
تمضى
sources
مصادر
Ancient, past
غابر
young ones
اصاغر
Inevitably
لا محالة
I became certain
أيقنتُ
One who turns
صائر
Became, turned
صار



ENGLISH TRANSLATION
The famous sermon of Qus bin Saida Al Iyad
 in the market of Ukadh (partly adapted)

Qus bin Saida was one of the speakers of Iyad. He was the one about whom the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) said: “I saw him on a red camel in the market of Ukadh and he was saying.”

O people! Hear and understand! You will benefit it you pay attention and understand.
Whoever lives must die, and he who dies is lost. All that is destined to come will come – precise signs, rain and vegetation, fathers and mothers, those who go and those who come, light and darkness, the good and the evil, clothes and rides, food and drink, the heaving stars, the oceans whose water knows no depth, the raised sky, the earth well spread, dark night, a heaven with stars.
Why is it that I see people go but do not come back? Are they pleased with the life beyond and decided to stay? Or they were left behind and they slept off?
O people of Ayād! Where are the people of Thamūd and Āad? Where are our fathers and grandfathers? Where is that good for which no thanks were offered and where is the injustice that was not rejected? Qus took an oath in the   name of Allah that Allah has a religion that is more acceptable to Him than this religion of yours.

(He then sang a poem):-
In those early people who have gone
There are signs for us,
When I saw the pools of death
That gushes forth from no source,
I saw my people going towards it,
Young and old
He who has gone did not come back
And those remaining behind will not stay back forever,
I became certain that I also
Will go where my people have gone.

Thursday, July 5, 2012

POSTED ON JULY 05, 2012.



I have uploaded a new book on the Internet. It is the Arabic text, Arabic to English vocabulary and English translation of a story, Al Tanboori's shoes, by Kamil Kilani.
Please take a look.
http://archive.org/download/StoryOfAlTanboorisShoes/StoryOfTanborisShoes-kamilKailani.pdf

Monday, July 2, 2012

POSTED ON JULY 02, 2012
QASAS UN NABIYEEN VOLUME 4


CHAPTER 9

شعيب يتَعَجبُ من قومِهِ

VOCABULARY
They used it as an excuse
تَعَللُوا
He wonders
يتعجبُ
Being alone
وَحدة
weakness
ضعف
Their relationship
قرابتهم
Clan, kinsfolk
عشيرة
They got rid
تَخَلصُوا
They stoned him
رَجَموه
The Overpowering
قاهر
He disapproved, denounced
اِستَنكَرَ
Exposed to, object of
عُرضَة
weaker
اَهوَن
The Mighty
عَزيز
group
رَهط
Neglected, something put on the back
ظِهرِياً
stronger, more honorable
اَعَز

ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Shaoib (peace be upon Him) wonders at his people

They (his people) used his weakness and him being alone as a pretext and, if it was not because of his clan and their relationship, they would have stoned him and got rid of him. Shoaib disapproved all of this and wondered that Allah, the Mighty, the Powerful, the Strong, the Overpowering was considered by them to be weaker than his family. This was despite the fact that his family was exposed to diseases, destruction, weakness and disability.
“They said: O Shu'eyb! We understand not much of that thou tellest, and lo! we do behold thee weak among us. But for thy family, we should have stoned thee, for thou art not strong against us.
He said: O my people! Is my family more to be honoured by you than Allah? and ye put Him behind you, neglected! Lo! my Lord surroundeth what ye do.”
 Sura Hud 91-92